Appendix B - Material References

View the material data references.

Unidirectional Laminas

7740G30-500 Graphite

Tomblin, J., McKenna, J., Ng, Y., and Raju, S., "B-Basis Design Allowables for Epoxy-Based Prepreg - Fiberite Graphite unitape G30-500 12K/7740." Advanced General Aviation Transport Experiments, Sep. 2001.

T700/Epoxy

Xiong J et al. Fabrication and crushing behavior of low density carbon fiber composite pyramidal truss structures. Compos Struct (2010), doi:10.1016/j.compstruct.2010.03.010

AS4-3501-6

Soden, P.D., Hinton, M.J. and Kaddour, A.S., "Lamina Properties, Lay-up Configurations and Loading Conditions for a Range of Fibre-Reinforced Composite Laminates." Composites Science and Technology, Vol. 58, 1011-1022, 1998.

AS4_3502

MIL-HDBK-17-2F, "Department of Defense Handbook: Composite Materials Handbook." U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Materials Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

AS4_8552

Multiple Sources:

Portela, Pedro et al., "Analysis of Morphing, Multi Stable Structures Actuated by Piezoelectric Patches." Computers and Structures, Vol. 86, Issue 3-5, 347-356, 2008.

"HexPly 8552 Epoxy Matrix." Product Data Sheet (Publication FTA 072b), Hexcel Composites, Stamford, Connecticut. March 2007.

Boron/5505

Mayes JS. Micromechanics based failure analysis of composite structural laminates. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division Report, NSWCCD-65-TR-1999/15, September 1999.

E-Glass/Epoxy

Zwben, C., "Static Strength & Elastic Properties", Mechanical Behavior & Properties of Composite Materials, Delaware Composites Design Encyclopedia, Vol. 1, Technomic Publishing, Lancaster PA, pp. 66-69, (1989).

Eglass21xK43Gevetex-LY556

HM Graphite/Epoxy

HTS150_TC250

"TC250 Resin System." Product Data Sheet, TenCate Advanced Composites USA, Inc., Morgan Hill, CA., Revised March 2007.

IM7_5250-4

Multiple Sources:

"CYCOM 5250-4 Prepreg System." Product Data Sheet, Cytec Engineered Materials, Anaheim, CA.

Kim RY, Rice BP, Donaldson SL. Microcracking in composite laminates under thermal environments: 150 to −196 °C. Proceedings of the 47th SAMPE international symposium. Long Beach, CA: SAMPE; 2002. p. 833-42.

IM7_8551-7

Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."

IM7_8552

Multiple Sources:

Makeev, A., Seon, G. and Lee, E., "Failure Predictions for Carbon/Epoxy Tape Laminates with Wavy Plies." Journal of Composite Materials, Article in Press, 2009.

"HexPly 8552 Epoxy." Product Data Sheet, Hexcel Corporation, Dublin, CA.

Note: - S22 value was estimated based on similar carbon epoxy systems.

IM7-977-2

Welsh, J.S., Mayes, J.S. and Biskner, A.C., "Experimental and Numerical Failure Predictions of Biaxially-Loaded Quasi-Isotropic Carbon Composites." 16th International Conference on Composite Materials, Kyoto, Japan, 2007.

IM7-977-3

Multiple Sources:

Smith, J.G., Jegley, D.C. and Siochi, E.J., "Hypervelocity Impact Testing of IM7/977-3 with Micron-Sized Particles." Proceedings of 51st AIAA/ASME/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics, and Materials Conference. Orlando, FL, April 2010.

"CYCOM® 977-3 Epoxy Resin System", Cytec Engineering Materials, www.cytec.com (March 2012)

Kevlar-49/Epoxy

"Data Manual For Kevlar 49 Aramid", E.I Dupont de Nemours & Co., Inc., (May 1986).

LM Graphite/Epoxy

"Hercules Prepreg Tape Materials Characterization Data Package," Hercules Composites Products Group, (February 1989).

S-2 Glass/Epoxy

"S-2 Glass Fiber", Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corporation, Pub. No. 15-PL-16154, (March 1990).

SilEglass1200tex-MY750

T300_976

MIL-HDBK-17-2F, "Department of Defense Handbook: Composite Materials Handbook." U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Materials Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

T300-BSL914C

T300_PR319

Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."

T300/VTM266 2x2 3K Twill Weave

In Plane Properties:

"Composite T300/VTM266 2x2 Twill Prepreg" Product Datasheet, Prospector:Composites, Firehole Composites

Note: Out of plane properties and thermal coefficients are estimated values.

T800H_3900-2

Multiple Sources:

MIL-HDBK-17-2F, "Department of Defense Handbook: Composite Materials Handbook." U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Materials Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

Ogihara, S., Takeda, N. and Kobayashi, A., "Experimental Characterization of Microscopic Failure Process under Quasi-Static Tension in Interleaved and Toughness-Improved CFRP Cross-Ply Laminates." Composites Science and Technology Vol. 57, 267-275, 1997.

Smith, D. and Dow, M., "Properties of Three Graphite/Toughened Resin Composites." NASA: NASA Langley Research Center, 1991.

UM Graphite/Epoxy

Matrix Materials

3501-6 Epoxy: Hinton, M.J., Kaddour, A.S. and Soden, P.D., "Failure Criteria in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: The World-Wide Failure Exercise." The Netherlands: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2004. 36-37.
5250-4 RTM: "CYCOM 5250-4 RTM." Product Data Sheet, Cytec Engineered Materials, Anaheim, CA.
Note: Compressive and shear strengths are estimated.
5505 Epoxy: Mayes JS. Micromechanics based failure analysis of composite structural laminates. Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division Report, NSWCCD-65-TR-1999/15, September 1999.
8551-7 Epoxy: Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."
BSL914C Epoxy: Hinton, M.J., Kaddour, A.S. and Soden, P.D., "Failure Criteria in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: The World-Wide Failure Exercise." The Netherlands: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2004. 36-37.
CETEX PEI: "CETEX® PEI." Technical Data Sheet, TenCate Advanced Composites, Almelo, The Netherlands.
Coors Tek PEKK: "CoorsTek PEKK." Technical Data Sheet, IDES Prospector, Laramie, WY.
KT-820 PEEK: "KetaSpire® KT-820." Technical Data Sheet, Solvay Specialty Polymers.
KT-880 PEEK: "KetaSpire® KT-880." Technical Data Sheet, Solvay Specialty Polymers.
LY556 Epoxy: Hinton, M.J., Kaddour, A.S. and Soden, P.D., "Failure Criteria in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: The World-Wide Failure Exercise." The Netherlands: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2004. 36-37.
MY750 Epoxy: Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."
Polyester: "1992 Materials Selector," Materials Engineering, p. 181, (December 1991).
PR-319 Epoxy: Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."
Note: These values are considered to be low, compared with typical data for the same material published somewhere else or quoted by the manufacturers.
R-5100 PPSU: "Radel® R-5100." Technical Data Sheet, Solvay Specialty Polymers.
Vinylester: "Chemical Resistance Guide, DOW Derakane Vinylester Resins," DOW Chemical, (December 1996)

Fiber Materials

AS4 Graphite

Multiple Sources:

Hinton, M.J., Kaddour, A.S. and Soden, P.D., "Failure Criteria in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: The World-Wide Failure Exercise." The Netherlands: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2004. 36-37.

"AS4 Continuous Carbon Fiber." Product Data Sheet, Hexcel Corporation, Dublin, CA.

Note: End area value is estimated

Boron

Herakovich C.T., "Mechanics of Fibrous Composites" New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 1998. pp. 7.

Note: Elastic constants E₂₂, G₁₂, G₂₃, and Nu₁₂ were calculated using Autodesk Material Manager.

E-Glass

"S-2 Glass Fiber", Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corporation, Pub. No. 15-PL-16154, (March 1990).

E-Glass 21 x K43 Gevetex

Hinton, M.J., Kaddour, A.S. and Soden, P.D., "Failure Criteria in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: The World-Wide Failure Exercise." The Netherlands: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2004. 36-37.

Note: Thermal conductivity, density, and end area are estimated

High Modulus Graphite

Source not available

HTS150

"TC250 Resin System." Product Data Sheet, TenCate Advanced Composites USA, Inc., Morgan Hill, CA., Revised March 2007

Note: Values are based on Autodesk Material Manager Micromechanics. Strengths, thermal conductivity, density, and end area are estimated.

IM7 Carbon

Multiple Sources:

Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."

"IM7 Continuous Carbon Fiber." Product Data Sheet, Hexcel Corporation, Dublin, CA.

Kevlar-49

"Data Manual For Kevlar 49 Aramid", E.I Dupont de Nemours & Co., Inc., (May 1986).

S-2 Fiberglass

Multiple Sources:

"S-2 Glass Fiber", Owens-Corning Fiberglass Corporation, Pub. No. 15-PL-16154, (March 1990).

Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."

Silenka E-Glass 1200tex

Hinton, M.J., Kaddour, A.S. and Soden, P.D., "Failure Criteria in Fibre Reinforced Polymer Composites: The World-Wide Failure Exercise." The Netherlands: ELSEVIER Ltd, 2004. 36-37.

Note: Thermal conductivity, density, and end area are estimated.

T300 Carbon

Multiple Sources:

Kaddour, A.S. and Hinton, M.J., "Instructions to Contributors of the Second World-Wide Failure Exercise (WWFE-II): Part (A)."

"T300" Technical Data Sheet No. CFA-001, Toray Carbon Fibers America, Inc., Santa Ana, CA.

T800 Carbon

"T800 Continuous Carbon Fiber." Product Data Sheet, Toray Carbon Fibers America, Inc., Flower Mound, TX.

Note: Material properties are estimated from Autodesk Material Manager micromechanics. End area is estimated.

Ultra Modulus Graphite

Source not available

Core Materials

Aluminum Alloy Honeycomb: "HexWeb Honeycomb Attributes and Properties." Hexcel Corporation, Dublin, CA. pp. 16-17
Aluminum Alloy Flex-Core: "HexWeb Honeycomb Attributes and Properties." Hexcel Corporation, Dublin, CA. pp. 18
Balsa: "The Properties of End-Grain Balsa Core," Baltek Corp., Data file 159, (1990).
FR-3700 LAST-A-FOAM: "LAST-A-FOAM FR-3700 Rigid Foam." Interactive Data Sheet, Gerneral Plastics Manufacturing Company, Tacoma, WA.
FR-6700 LAST-A-FOAM: "LAST-A-FOAM FR-6700 Rigid Foam." Interactive Data Sheet, Gerneral Plastics Manufacturing Company, Tacoma, WA.
Glass HC, 3/16: "Mechanical Properties of Hexcel Honeycomb Materials," Hexcel, Doc. No. TSB-120, (1988).
High Density Foam: "Sandwich Core Material Average Physical Properties, Divinycell" Diab-Barracuda, Doc. No. 87.03.3000, (1987).
Low Density Foam: "Sandwich Core Material Average Physical Properties, Divinycell" Diab-Barracuda, Doc. No. 87.03.3000, (1987).
HRH-10 Aramid Fiber Reinforced Honeycomb: "HexWeb Honeycomb Attributes and Properties." Hexcel Corporation, Dublin, CA. pp. 21

Alloys

1025 Steel: "Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures," MILHDBK-5E, Dept. of Defense, (June 1987).
6061-T6 Aluminum: "Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures," MILHDBK-5E, Dept. of Defense, (June 1987).
Ti-6Al-4v Titanium: "Metallic Materials and Elements for Aerospace Vehicle Structures," MILHDBK-5E, Dept. of Defense, (June 1987).