The fastener shear stress is calculated using the well known average stress method shown in Eq. 42. If a fastener sleeve is used in the analysis, the sleeve shear stress is estimated using Eq. 43 [50].
Pc is the point load reacted by the critical bolt, Ab is the cross-sectional area of the bolt, As is the cross-sectional area of the sleeve, ro is the outer radius of the sleeve, and ri is the inner radius of the sleeve.
Bolt and sleeve failures are predicted using a maximum stress criterion in which the stresses are compared with the respective bolt or fastener strengths.