where:
|
F |
operation force |
| Ψ |
factor of joint tightness |
|
F o |
prestress force |
|
F max |
maximum operation force in the bolt |
|
ΔF 1 |
increasing of prestress in the bolt due to the operation force |
|
ΔF 2 |
reduction of clamping force in the joint due to the operating force |
|
Δl 1 |
bolt elongation |
|
Δl 2 |
compression of connected material |
|
c 1 |
bolt spring constant |
|
c 2 |
connected material spring constant |