pymel.util.path¶

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class path(other='')¶

Represents a filesystem path.

For documentation on individual methods, consult their counterparts in os.path.

__div__(rel) == fp / rel == fp.joinpath(rel)¶: Join two path components, adding a separator character if needed.

See also

os.path.join()

__truediv__(rel)¶

fp.__div__(rel) == fp / rel == fp.joinpath(rel)

Join two path components, adding a separator character if needed.

See also

os.path.join()

abspath()¶: See also

os.path.abspath()

access(mode)¶

Return true if current user has access to this path.

mode - One of the constants os.F_OK, os.R_OK, os.W_OK, os.X_OK

See also

os.access()

atime¶: Last access time of the file.

See also

getatime(), os.path.getatime()

basename()¶: See also

name, os.path.basename()

bytes()¶: Open this file, read all bytes, return them as a string.

canonicalpath()¶

Attempt to return a ‘canonical’ version of the path

This will standardize for symbolic links, absolute/relative paths, case differences (if on a case-insensitive file system), and ‘..’ usage (so paths such as A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B will all compare equal).

The intention is that string comparison of canonical paths will yield a reasonable guess as to whether two paths represent the same file.

cd()¶: See also

os.chdir()

chdir()¶: See also

os.chdir()

chmod(mode)¶: See also

os.chmod()

chunks(size, *args, **kwargs)¶

Returns a generator yielding chunks of the file, so it can: be read piece by piece with a simple for loop.

Any argument you pass after size will be passed to open().

Example:

>> for chunk in path(“file.txt”).chunks(8192): .. print(chunk)

This will read the file by chunks of 8192 bytes.

copy(src, dst)¶

Copy data and mode bits (“cp src dst”).

The destination may be a directory.

copy2(src, dst)¶

Copy data and all stat info (“cp -p src dst”).

The destination may be a directory.

copyfile(src, dst)¶: Copy data from src to dst

copymode(src, dst)¶: Copy mode bits from src to dst

copystat(src, dst)¶: Copy all stat info (mode bits, atime, mtime, flags) from src to dst

copytree(src, dst, symlinks=False, ignore=None)¶

Recursively copy a directory tree using copy2().

The destination directory must not already exist. If exception(s) occur, an Error is raised with a list of reasons.

If the optional symlinks flag is true, symbolic links in the source tree result in symbolic links in the destination tree; if it is false, the contents of the files pointed to by symbolic links are copied.

The optional ignore argument is a callable. If given, it is called with the src parameter, which is the directory being visited by copytree(), and names which is the list of src contents, as returned by os.listdir():

callable(src, names) -> ignored_names

Since copytree() is called recursively, the callable will be called once for each directory that is copied. It returns a list of names relative to the src directory that should not be copied.

XXX Consider this example code rather than the ultimate tool.

ctime¶: Creation time of the file.

See also

getctime(), os.path.getctime()

dirname()¶: See also

parent, os.path.dirname()

dirs() → List of this directory's subdirectories.¶

The elements of the list are path objects. This does not walk recursively into subdirectories (but see walkdirs()).

With the optional pattern argument, this only lists directories whose names match the given pattern. For example, d.dirs('build-*').

drive¶

The drive specifier, for example 'C -- '.

This is always empty on systems that don’t use drive specifiers.

exists()¶: See also

os.path.exists()

expand()¶

Clean up a filename by calling expandvars(), expanduser(), and normpath() on it.

This is commonly everything needed to clean up a filename read from a configuration file, for example.

expanduser()¶: See also

os.path.expanduser()

expandvars()¶: See also

os.path.expandvars()

ext¶: The file extension, for example '.py'.

files() → List of the files in this directory.¶

The elements of the list are path objects. This does not walk into subdirectories (see walkfiles()).

With the optional pattern argument, this only lists files whose names match the given pattern. For example, d.files('*.pyc').

fnmatch(pattern, normcase=None)¶

Return True if self.name matches the given pattern.

pattern - A filename pattern with wildcards,: for example '*.py'. If the pattern contains a normcase attribute, it is applied to the name and path prior to comparison.
normcase - (optional) A function used to normalize the pattern and: filename before matching. Defaults to self.module which defaults to os.path.normcase.

See also

fnmatch.fnmatch()

get_owner()¶

getatime()¶: See also

atime, os.path.getatime()

getctime()¶: See also

ctime, os.path.getctime()

classmethod getcwd()¶: Return the current working directory as a path object.

See also

os.getcwdu()

getmtime()¶: See also

mtime, os.path.getmtime()

getsize()¶: See also

size, os.path.getsize()

glob(pattern)¶

Return a list of path objects that match the pattern.

pattern - a path relative to this directory, with wildcards.

For example, path('/users').glob('*/bin/*') returns a list of all the files users have in their bin directories.

See also

glob.glob()

isabs()¶: See also

os.path.isabs()

isdir()¶: See also

os.path.isdir()

isfile()¶: See also

os.path.isfile()

islink()¶: See also

os.path.islink()

ismount()¶: See also

os.path.ismount()

joinpath = <functools.partial object at 0x000002756F071EA8>¶

lines(encoding=None, errors='strict', retain=True)¶

Open this file, read all lines, return them in a list.

Optional arguments:

encoding - The Unicode encoding (or character set) of: the file. The default is None, meaning the content of the file is read as 8-bit characters and returned as a list of (non-Unicode) str objects.
errors - How to handle Unicode errors; see help(str.decode): for the options. Default is ‘strict’
retain - If true, retain newline characters; but all newline: character combinations ('\r', '\n', '\r\n') are translated to '\n'. If false, newline characters are stripped off. Default is True.

This uses 'U' mode.

See also

text()

listdir() → List of items in this directory.¶

Use files() or dirs() instead if you want a listing of just files or just subdirectories.

The elements of the list are path objects.

With the optional pattern argument, this only lists items whose names match the given pattern. Pattern may be a glob-style string or a compiled regular expression pattern.

See also

files(), dirs(), match()

lstat()¶: Like stat(), but do not follow symbolic links.

See also

stat(), os.lstat()

makedirs(mode=511)¶: See also

os.makedirs()

makedirs_p(mode=511)¶: Like makedirs(), but does not raise an exception if the directory already exists.

match(pattern, normcase=None)¶

Return True if self.name matches the given pattern. Supports both glob strings and compiled regular expressions.

pattern - A glob-style filename pattern with wildcards, or regex pattern: compiled with re.compile(). If the pattern contains a normcase attribute, it is applied to the name and path prior to comparison.
normcase - (optional) A function used to normalize the pattern and: filename before matching. Defaults to self.module which defaults to os.path.normcase.

See also

fnmatch() and regmatch()

mkdir(mode=511)¶: See also

os.mkdir()

mkdir_p(mode=511)¶: Like mkdir(), but does not raise an exception if the directory already exists.

module = <module 'ntpath' from 'C:\Apps\3D\Autodesk\Maya2018\bin\python27.zip\ntpath.py'>¶: The path module to use for path operations.

See also

os.path

move(src, dst)¶

Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is similar to the Unix “mv” command.

If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already exist.

If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.

If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used. Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of the issues this implementation glosses over.

mtime¶: Last-modified time of the file.

See also

getmtime(), os.path.getmtime()

name¶

The name of this file or directory without the full path.

For example, path('/usr/local/lib/libpython.so').name == 'libpython.so'

See also

basename(), os.path.basename()

namebase¶

The same as name(), but with one file extension stripped off.

For example, path('/home/guido/python.tar.gz').name == 'python.tar.gz', but path('/home/guido/python.tar.gz').namebase == 'python.tar'.

normcase()¶: See also

os.path.normcase()

normpath()¶: See also

os.path.normpath()

open(*args, **kwargs)¶: Open this file. Return a file object.

See also

python:open()

owner¶: Name of the owner of this file or directory.

See also

get_owner()

parent¶

This path’s parent directory, as a new path object.

For example, path('/usr/local/lib/libpython.so').parent == path('/usr/local/lib')

See also

dirname(), os.path.dirname()

read_hash(hash_name)¶

Calculate given hash for this file.

List of supported hashes can be obtained from hashlib package. This reads the entire file.

See also

hashlib.hash.digest()

read_hexhash(hash_name)¶

Calculate given hash for this file, returning hexdigest.

List of supported hashes can be obtained from hashlib package. This reads the entire file.

See also

hashlib.hash.hexdigest()

read_md5()¶

Calculate the md5 hash for this file.

This reads through the entire file.

See also

read_hash()

realpath()¶: See also

os.path.realpath()

regmatch(pattern, normcase=None)¶

Return True if self.name matches the given pattern.

pattern - A regex pattern compiled with re.compile().: If the pattern contains a normcase attribute, it is applied to the name and path prior to comparison.
normcase - (optional) A function used to normalize the: filename before matching. Defaults to self.module which defaults to os.path.normcase.

See also

:module:`re`

relpath(start='.')¶: Return this path as a relative path, based from start, which defaults to the current working directory.

relpathto(dest)¶

Return a relative path from self to dest.

If there is no relative path from self to dest, for example if they reside on different drives in Windows, then this returns dest.abspath().

remove()¶: See also

os.remove()

remove_p()¶: Like remove(), but does not raise an exception if the file does not exist.

removedirs()¶: See also

os.removedirs()

removedirs_p()¶: Like removedirs(), but does not raise an exception if the directory is not empty or does not exist.

rename(new)¶: See also

os.rename()

renames(new)¶: See also

os.renames()

rmdir()¶: See also

os.rmdir()

rmdir_p()¶: Like rmdir(), but does not raise an exception if the directory is not empty or does not exist.

rmtree(path, ignore_errors=False, onerror=None)¶

Recursively delete a directory tree.

If ignore_errors is set, errors are ignored; otherwise, if onerror is set, it is called to handle the error with arguments (func, path, exc_info) where func is os.listdir, os.remove, or os.rmdir; path is the argument to that function that caused it to fail; and exc_info is a tuple returned by sys.exc_info(). If ignore_errors is false and onerror is None, an exception is raised.

rmtree_p()¶: Like rmtree(), but does not raise an exception if the directory does not exist.

samefile(other)¶: See also

os.path.samefile()

samepath(other)¶

Whether the other path represents the same path as this one.

This will account for symbolic links, absolute/relative paths, case differences (if on a case-insensitive file system), and ‘..’ usage (so paths such as A//B, A/./B and A/foo/../B will all compare equal).

This will NOT account for hard links - use samefile() for this, if available on your os.

Essentially just compares the self.canonicalpath() to other.canonicalpath()

size¶: Size of the file, in bytes.

See also

getsize(), os.path.getsize()

splitall()¶

Return a list of the path components in this path.

The first item in the list will be a path. Its value will be either os.curdir, os.pardir, empty, or the root directory of this path (for example, '/' or 'C:\\'). The other items in the list will be strings.

path.path.joinpath(*result) will yield the original path.

splitdrive() → Return ``(p.drive, <the rest of p>)``.¶: Split the drive specifier from this path. If there is no drive specifier, p.drive is empty, so the return value is simply (path(''), p). This is always the case on Unix.

See also

os.path.splitdrive()

splitext() → Return ``(p.stripext(), p.ext)``.¶

Split the filename extension from this path and return the two parts. Either part may be empty.

The extension is everything from '.' to the end of the last path segment. This has the property that if (a, b) == p.splitext(), then a + b == p.

See also

os.path.splitext()

splitpath() → Return ``(p.parent, p.name)``.¶: See also

parent, name, os.path.split()

splitunc()¶: See also

os.path.splitunc()

startfile()¶: See also

os.startfile()

stat()¶: Perform a stat() system call on this path.

See also

lstat(), os.stat()

stripext() → Remove one file extension from the path.¶: For example, path('/home/guido/python.tar.gz').stripext() returns path('/home/guido/python.tar').

text(encoding=None, errors='strict')¶

Open this file, read it in, return the content as a string.

This method uses 'U' mode, so '\r\n' and '\r' are automatically translated to '\n'.

Optional arguments:

encoding - The Unicode encoding (or character set) of: the file. If present, the content of the file is decoded and returned as a unicode object; otherwise it is returned as an 8-bit str.
errors - How to handle Unicode errors; see str.decode(): for the options. Default is ‘strict’.

See also

lines()

touch()¶: Set the access/modified times of this file to the current time. Create the file if it does not exist.

truepath()¶

The absolute, real, normalized path.

Shortcut for abspath().realpath().normpath()

Unlike canonicalpath, on case-sensitive filesystems, two different paths may refer the same file, and so should only be used in cases where a “normal” path from root is desired, but we wish to preserve case; in situations where comparison is desired, canonicalpath() (or samepath()) should be used.

uncshare¶: The UNC mount point for this path. This is empty for paths on local drives.

unlink()¶: See also

os.unlink()

unlink_p()¶: Like unlink(), but does not raise an exception if the file does not exist.

classmethod using_module(module)¶

utime(times)¶: Set the access and modified times of this file.

See also

os.utime()

walk() → iterator over files and subdirs, recursively.¶

The iterator yields path objects naming each child item of this directory and its descendants. This requires that D.isdir().

This performs a depth-first traversal of the directory tree. Each directory is returned just before all its children.

The errors= keyword argument controls behavior when an error occurs. The default is ‘strict’, which causes an exception. The other allowed values are ‘warn’, which reports the error via warnings.warn(), and ‘ignore’.

walkdirs() → iterator over subdirs, recursively.¶

With the optional pattern argument, this yields only directories whose names match the given pattern. For example, mydir.walkdirs('*test') yields only directories with names ending in ‘test’.

The errors= keyword argument controls behavior when an error occurs. The default is ‘strict’, which causes an exception. The other allowed values are ‘warn’, which reports the error via warnings.warn(), and ‘ignore’.

walkfiles() → iterator over files in D, recursively.¶: The optional argument, pattern, limits the results to files with names that match the pattern. For example, mydir.walkfiles('*.tmp') yields only files with the .tmp extension.

write_bytes(bytes, append=False)¶

Open this file and write the given bytes to it.

Default behavior is to overwrite any existing file. Call p.write_bytes(bytes, append=True) to append instead.

write_lines(lines, encoding=None, errors='strict', linesep='\r\n', append=False)¶

Write the given lines of text to this file.

By default this overwrites any existing file at this path.

This puts a platform-specific newline sequence on every line. See linesep below.

lines - A list of strings.

encoding - A Unicode encoding to use. This applies only if

lines contains any Unicode strings.

errors - How to handle errors in Unicode encoding. This

also applies only to Unicode strings.

linesep - The desired line-ending. This line-ending is

applied to every line. If a line already has any standard line ending ('\r', '\n', '\r\n', u'\x85', u'\r\x85', u'\u2028'), that will be stripped off and this will be used instead. The default is os.linesep, which is platform-dependent ('\r\n' on Windows, '\n' on Unix, etc.). Specify None to write the lines as-is, like file.writelines().

Use the keyword argument append=True to append lines to the file. The default is to overwrite the file. Warning: When you use this with Unicode data, if the encoding of the existing data in the file is different from the encoding you specify with the encoding= parameter, the result is mixed-encoding data, which can really confuse someone trying to read the file later.

write_text(text, encoding=None, errors='strict', linesep='\r\n', append=False)¶

Write the given text to this file.

The default behavior is to overwrite any existing file; to append instead, use the append=True keyword argument.

There are two differences between write_text() and write_bytes(): newline handling and Unicode handling. See below.

Parameters:

text - str/unicode - The text to be written.

encoding - str - The Unicode encoding that will be used.

This is ignored if ‘text’ isn’t a Unicode string.

errors - str - How to handle Unicode encoding errors.

Default is ‘strict’. See help(unicode.encode) for the options. This is ignored if ‘text’ isn’t a Unicode string.

linesep - keyword argument - str/unicode - The sequence of

characters to be used to mark end-of-line. The default is os.linesep. You can also specify None; this means to leave all newlines as they are in text.

append - keyword argument - bool - Specifies what to do if

the file already exists (True: append to the end of it; False: overwrite it.) The default is False.

— Newline handling.

write_text() converts all standard end-of-line sequences ('\n', '\r', and '\r\n') to your platform’s default end-of-line sequence (see os.linesep; on Windows, for example, the end-of-line marker is '\r\n').

If you don’t like your platform’s default, you can override it using the linesep= keyword argument. If you specifically want write_text() to preserve the newlines as-is, use linesep=None.

This applies to Unicode text the same as to 8-bit text, except there are three additional standard Unicode end-of-line sequences: u'\x85', u'\r\x85', and u'\u2028'.

(This is slightly different from when you open a file for writing with fopen(filename, "w") in C or open(filename, 'w') in Python.)

— Unicode

If text isn’t Unicode, then apart from newline handling, the bytes are written verbatim to the file. The encoding and errors arguments are not used and must be omitted.

If text is Unicode, it is first converted to bytes using the specified ‘encoding’ (or the default encoding if encoding isn’t specified). The errors argument applies only to this conversion.