Show End Result lets you look at the material at the level you're on instead of looking at the end result of all the other maps and settings.
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(Material Editor): Compact > (Show End Result)
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(Slate Material Editor: Right-click a material node. > Choose Open Preview Window. > Preview window > (Show End Result).)
When this button is on, the sample slot shows the “end result”: the combination of all maps and shaders in the material tree.
When this button is off, the sample slot shows only the current level of the material. This tool is useful when you are working with compound materials. It would be difficult to see exactly what effect you're creating on a particular level if you didn't have the ability to turn off the display of the other levels.