You can color your vertices based on influence or based on color set. 
Coloring vertices based on influence
After binding your geometry to a skeleton or joint and selecting Display > Polygons > Vertices, your vertices are colored based on influence. 
In your geometry shape node Attribute Editor, the Mesh Controls > Vertex Color Source is automatically set to Influence Colors. 
Coloring vertices based on a color set 
- Add paint to your geometry, for example, by using the Paint Vertex Color Tool. 
- In the geometry's shape node Attribute Editor, under Mesh Controls, set Vertex Color Source to Current Color Set. 
- The vertex components now pick up on the current color set. 
Note: Select Display > Polygons > Vertices to display the vertices to see their coloring.