Survey Measurement Correction Formulas

The survey corrections are calculated using the following formulas.

Curvature and Refraction Formula

The following formula calculates the vertical angle (in radians):

where:

Atmospheric Conditions Formula

The following formula determines the slope distance:

where:

Sea Level Formula

The following formula calculates the horizontal distance at sea level:

where:

Collimation Formulas

The following formulas determine the collimation:

Horizontal collimation:

Vertical collimation (all vertical angles are converted to zenith):