Appendix A.13 - Type of Progressive Failure Analysis

The PFTYPE field activates or deactivates Helius PFA' progressive failure analysis feature. If the progressive failure feature is activated, Helius PFA will routinely evaluate both the matrix failure criterion and the fiber failure criterion to determine if either constituent material has failed. Each constituent failure criterion is based on the corresponding constituent average stress state. For the purposes of this specific discussion, we assume that pre-failure nonlinearity is deactivated. In the event that one or both of the constituents fail, the stiffness of the failed matrix and fiber are appropriately reduced to the values specified by the MPSTIF/MDE and FPSTIF/FDE fields, respectively. Helius PFA then calculates the current composite average stiffness based on the current state (failed, or not failed) of each constituent material.

The value of the PFTYPE field has different implications depending on the microstructure of the material.

Unidirectional Microstructures: A value of 1 activates the progressive failure analysis feature, while a value of 0 deactivates the progressive failure analysis feature.

Woven Microstructures: A value of 0 deactivates the progressive failure feature. A value of 1 activates the progressive failure feature and uses the matrix and fiber degradation levels from the material data file to calculate the failed material properties. A value of 2 activates the progressive failure feature and uses the matrix and fiber degradations levels specified by the MPSTIF/MDE and FPSTIF/FDE fields to calculate the failed material properties. Selecting a value of 2 will add approximately 45-60 seconds to the pre-processing time per woven material. A value of 1 will not add run-time during pre-processing because the failed material properties (at the matrix and fiber degradation levels specified during material creation in Composite Material Manager) are already stored in the material file.

The progressive failure analysis feature is the foundation component of the product's nonlinear multiscale constitutive relations. The discrete values that can be assumed by the PFA Damage State variable differ depending on the microstructure of the underlying composite and additional forms of material nonlinearity invoked. A comprehensive listing of the allowable discrete values for the PFA Damage State are provided in Appendix B.

The image below shows a [0°/ ±45°]s unidirectional composite plate that was analyzed using the progressive failure feature. It shows a contour plot of the PFA Damage State variable, representing the composite damage state in the 0° plies. The blue areas represent composite material with unfailed constituents (PFA Damage State = 1), the green areas represent composite material with a failed matrix constituent (PFA Damage State = 2), and the red areas represent composite material with matrix and fiber constituents that have failed (PFA Damage State = 3).

failure key fix

Note: The number of possible discrete damage states for the composite material depends on the type of composite material (unidirectional or woven) and the specific set of material nonlinearity features that are used. For any given case, a description of each discrete composite damage state and its associated value is written in the summary file (*.mct) created during the preprocessing phase of the analysis. Additionally, you are referred to Appendix B which describes all of the discrete damage states that can be assumed by any composite material under any circumstances.

For further information on the progressive failure analysis feature, refer to the Theory Manual.

To summarize, with progressive failure activated, the element stiffness is reduced when damage is predicted. With progressive failure deactivated, the element stiffness remains constant throughout the entire analysis.