Principal

Click the Principal tab in the Maps on Solids dialog to display the following options.

Stresses and strains may be selected for presentation. Only one of the results can be selected on all tabs.

Reduced values are presented according to a selected hypothesis. The following hypotheses are available.

• Huber - Mises.
• Tensor invariant I1.

First tensor invariant is determined according to the following formula.

I1 = σ₁+σ₂+σ₃= σ_xx+σ_yy+σ_zz

Second invariant equals

.

where:

p = I1/3 - average stress.

The reduced value according to the Huber-Mises hypothesis equals

.