Examine the default constituent properties for glass, carbon, Kevlar, and epoxy materials.
The default values used for the initial elastic properties of glass fiber, carbon fiber, epoxy with glass fiber, and epoxy with carbon fiber were chosen as nominal values of the data provided for the first and second World-Wide Failure Exercises [1,2]. The default values used for the initial elastic properties of Kevlar fiber were chosen as reported values from the data given by DuPont, the manufacturer of Kevlar 49 [3]. The default values of epoxy with Kevlar fiber were chosen to be the same as those given for the epoxy with carbon fiber. The values chosen as the default values are shown in the table below.
| Property | Default Value |
|---|---|
| Glass | |
| E11 (GPa) | 80 |
| E22 = E33 (GPa) | 80 |
| G12 = G13 (GPa) | 33 |
| ν12 = ν13 | 0.2 |
| ν23 | 0.2 |
| α11= α22= α33 (10-6) | 4.9 |
| Carbon Low | |
| E11 (GPa) | 229 |
| E22 = E33 (GPa) | 18.4 |
| G12 = G13 (GPa) | 16.6 |
| ν12 = ν13 | 0.239 |
| ν23 | 0.311 |
| α11 (10-6) | -1.36 |
| α22= α33 (10-6) | 10.6 |
| Carbon Intermediate | |
| E11 (GPa) | 294 |
| E22 = E33 (GPa) | 14.1 |
| G12 = G13 (GPa) | 14.7 |
| ν12 = ν13 | 0.246 |
| ν23 | 0.250 |
| α11 (10-6) | -1.37 |
| α22= α33 (10-6) | 10.9 |
| Carbon High | |
| E11 (GPa) | 377 |
| E22 = E33 (GPa) | 18.4 |
| G12 = G13 (GPa) | 19.1 |
| ν12 = ν13 | 0.25 |
| ν23 | 0.25 |
| α11 (10-6) | -0.83 |
| α22= α33 (10-6) | 6.5 |
| Kevlar | |
| E11 (GPa) | 124 |
| E22 = E33 (GPa) | 6.9 |
| G12 = G13 (GPa) | 2.8 |
| ν12 = ν13 | 0.36 |
| ν23 | 0.23 |
| α11 (10-6) | -5 |
| α22= α33 (10-6) | 41 |
| Epoxy (w/ Glass) | |
| E11 (GPa) | 3.35 |
| E22 = E33 (GPa) | 3.35 |
| G12 = G13 (GPa) | 1.24 |
| ν12 = ν13 | 0.35 |
| ν23 | 0.35 |
| α11= α22= α33 (10-6) | 58 |
| Epoxy (w/ Carbon & w/ Kevlar) | |
| E11 (GPa) | 3.5 |
| E22 = E33 (GPa) | 3.5 |
| G12 = G13 (GPa) | 1.3 |
| ν12 = ν13 | 0.35 |
| ν23 | 0.35 |
| α11= α22= α33 (10-6) | 53 |