Volume shaders allow you to visualize a 3D scalar data field (e.g. density field) by sampling field values and mapping to color and opacity. You can assign volume shaders to volume shapes. Atmosphere shaders are special volume shaders to simulate light scattering effect in the scene, like fog.
For more information on volume workflows refer to the volumes page.
It is recommended that volume shading networks are kept as lean as possible. This is important for render times in the volume context because it is evaluated so often.
The standard_volume is a physically-based volume shader. It provides independent control over volume density, scatter color and transparent color.