Remove deep cuts removes segments of the toolpath where the depth of cut is large, to prevent tool damage.
A deep cut is defined internally as the sum of the current and previous tool radii plus any overlap.
Deep cuts example
The following example has 'ribs' that contain deep cuts:
With Remove deep cuts deselected, the remachining toolpaths cut the full length of the ribs including the deep cut areas, which could damage the tool:
With Remove deep cuts selected, the remachining toolpaths cut only the shallower parts of the ribs: