When you convert your nParticle object to a polygon mesh, Maya generates velocity per-vertex data. This information can be used to create motion blur when the mesh is rendered.
Velocity Per Vertex generates data from the nParticle object by mapping nParticle velocity values to R, G, and B color values. Velocity Per Vertex is on by default. The velocity per-vertex data is passed to the output mesh through the polySurfaceShape node's color set named Motion Vector Color Set. By default, this color set uses the velocityPV data generated from the nParticle object.
Before rendering an nParticle mesh with motion blur: