You can set a number of nParticle attributes on a per-particle basis. Per-particle attributes provide additional control over how nParticles appear and behave in your simulations. For example, using per-particle lets you eliminate individual particles based on their age and set properties such as color, opacity, and mass for each particle. You can access per-particle attributes in the Per Particle (Array) Attributes section of the nParticleShape node (see nParticle Per Particle attributes). You can set these per-particles attributes using the Component Editor, a 2D texture ramp, or expressions (About particle expressions).
nParticle objects are also created with a number of internal ramps for setting per-particle attributes and varying attributes over the duration of a simulation. See Set attributes using ramps and About nParticle internal ramps and per-particle attributes.