CStr Class Reference

#include <strclass.h>

Class Description

See also

Class WStr, UTF8Str and MaxString, Guidelines for Handling Character Strings.

Description:

A simple character string class. This is the standard character string class used in 3ds Max. Methods and operators are provided for calculating lengths, concatenation, substring operations, character searching, case conversion, comparison, and formatted writing.

This class automatically allocates the proper amount of space for the string. This is very handy in the case of internationalization / localization. For example, if you code something like:

MSTR myString = GetString(IDS_STRING_ID);

then myString's constructor will allocate enough space to store the resource string no matter how long it is. This is much better than doing the following:

MCHAR myString[64];

_tcscpy(myString, GetString(IDS_STRING_ID));

because the resource string may turn out to be much longer than 64 bytes once it's translated to German or French (or whatever).

As another example, if you have the following code:

MSTR str1 = _M("This is string1.");

MSTR str2 = _M("This is string2.");

Then

MSTR concatStr = str1 + str2;

will again yield a (concatenated) string will enough space to hold the concatenated contents of str1 and str2, automatically.

All methods are implemented by the system.

Note

The memory occupied by a CStr object is cannot be larger than 2Gb.

By design, this class assume that all the character data that you use to instanciate them or manipulate them are using the code page defined by the current active language of the 3dsMax. It should not be used to contains data in UTF-8 or in other code page than the current one.

Inheritance diagram for CStr:

Public Member Functions
	CStr ()
	CStr (const char *cs)
	CStr (const CStr &ws)
	CStr (const MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &ws)
	CStr (const MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< char > &ws)
	CStr (const QString &qstring)
	Conversion constructor, from QString. More...
	~CStr ()
char *	dataForWrite (size_t nchars=(size_t)-1)
	Returns a pointer to this string which can be written to with up to 'nchars' characters. More...
const char *	data () const
	operator const char * () const
	operator QString () const
	Conversion operator to QString. More...
void	Resize (int nchars)
int	Length () const
int	length () const
int	ByteCount () const
int	LanguageCharacterCount () const
size_t	AllocatedChars () const
bool	isNull () const
CStr &	operator= (const CStr &cs)
CStr &	operator= (const MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &mstr)
CStr &	operator= (const MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< char > &mstr)
CStr &	operator= (const char *cs)
CStr	operator+ (const CStr &cs) const
CStr &	operator+= (const CStr &cs)
CStr &	Append (const CStr &cs)
CStr &	append (const CStr &cs)
CStr &	remove (int pos)
CStr &	remove (int pos, int N)
CStr	Substr (int start, int nchars) const
CStr	MultiByteCharacterSubString (int firstCharacterIndex, int numberOfMBCharacters) const
int	FindMultiByteCharacterFirstByteIndex (int characterIndex) const
int	FindMultiByteCharacterLastByteIndex (int characterIndex) const
char	operator[] (int i) const
	Returns the nth character of this string. More...
int	first (char c) const
int	last (char c) const
bool	operator== (const CStr &cs) const
bool	operator== (char c) const
bool	operator!= (const CStr &cs) const
bool	operator!= (char c) const
bool	operator< (const CStr &cs) const
bool	operator<= (const CStr &ws) const
bool	operator> (const CStr &ws) const
bool	operator>= (const CStr &ws) const
void	toUpper ()
void	toLower ()
int	printf (const char *format,...)
	Write a formatted string into this CStr. More...
int	vprintf (const char *format, va_list args)
	Write a formatted string into this CStr. More...
wchar_t *	ToBSTR () const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCastCP	ToCP (UINT cp, size_t *length=NULL) const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< char >	ToACP (size_t *length=NULL) const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCastUTF8	ToUTF8 (size_t *length=NULL) const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< WCHAR >	ToOLESTR (size_t *length=NULL) const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< WCHAR >	ToUTF16 (size_t *length=NULL) const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< unsigned int >	ToUTF32 (size_t *length=NULL) const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxString	ToMaxString () const
void	ToMaxString (MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &) const
CStr	ToCStr () const
WStr	ToWStr () const
MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< wchar_t >	ToMCHAR (size_t *length=NULL) const
WStr	ToMSTR () const
bool	EndsWith (const CStr &s, bool caseSensitive=true)
	Returns true if the string ends with s; otherwise returns false. More...
bool	EndsWith (char c, bool caseSensitive=true)
	Returns true if the string ends with c; otherwise returns false. More...
bool	StartsWith (const CStr &s, bool caseSensitive=true)
	Returns true if the string starts with s; otherwise returns false. More...
bool	StartsWith (char c, bool caseSensitive=true)
	Returns true if the string starts with c; otherwise returns false. More...
size_t	NumberOfLines () const
	Returns the number of line feeds inside a string. More...
size_t	Replace (const char *pFind, const char *pReplaceBy, bool firstOnly=false, size_t startPosition=0)
	Replaces one substring with another in this string. More...

Static Public Member Functions
static CStr	FromBSTR (const wchar_t *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromCP (UINT cp, const char *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromACP (const char *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromUTF8 (const char *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromOLESTR (const wchar_t *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromUTF16 (const wchar_t *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromUTF32 (const unsigned int *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromMaxString (MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &string)
static CStr	FromCStr (const CStr &string)
static CStr	FromWStr (const WStr &string)
static CStr	FromMCHAR (const wchar_t *string, size_t length=(size_t)-1)
static CStr	FromMSTR (const WStr &string)
Static Public Member Functions inherited from MaxHeapOperators
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size)
	Standard new operator used to allocate objects If there is insufficient memory, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size, const std::nothrow_t &e)
	Standard new operator used to allocate objects if there is insufficient memory, NULL will be returned. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size, const char *filename, int line)
	New operator used to allocate objects that takes the filename and line number where the new was called If there is insufficient memory, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size, int block_type, const char *filename, int line)
	New operator used to allocate objects that takes the type of memory, filename and line number where the new was called If there is insufficient memory, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size, const std::nothrow_t &e, const char *filename, int line)
	New operator used to allocate objects that takes the filename and line number where the new was called If there is insufficient memory, NULL will be returned. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size, unsigned long flags)
	New operator used to allocate objects that takes extra flags to specify special operations If there is insufficient memory, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size, const std::nothrow_t &e, unsigned long flags)
	New operator used to allocate objects that takes extra flags to specify special operations If there is insufficient memory, NULL will be returned. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new[] (size_t size)
	New operator used to allocate arrays of objects If there is insufficient memory, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new[] (size_t size, const std::nothrow_t &e)
	New operator used to allocate arrays of objects If there is insufficient memory, NULL will be returned. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new[] (size_t size, const char *filename, int line)
	New operator used to allocate arrays of objects If there is insufficient memory, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new[] (size_t size, int block_type, const char *filename, int line)
	New operator used to allocate arrays of objects. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new[] (size_t size, const std::nothrow_t &e, const char *filename, int line)
	New operator used to allocate arrays of objects If there is insufficient memory, NULL will be returned. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new[] (size_t size, unsigned long flags)
	New operator used to allocate arrays of objects If there is insufficient memory, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new[] (size_t size, const std::nothrow_t &e, unsigned long flags)
	New operator used to allocate arrays of objects If there is insufficient memory, NULL will be returned. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr)
	Standard delete operator used to deallocate an object If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr, const std::nothrow_t &e)
	Standard delete operator used to deallocate an object If the pointer is invalid, nothing will happen. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr, const char *filename, int line)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an object that takes the filename and line number where the delete was called If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr, int block_type, const char *filename, int line)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an object that takes the type of memory, filename and line number where the delete was called If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr, const std::nothrow_t &e, const char *filename, int line)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an object that takes the filename and line number where the delete was called If the pointer is invalid, nothing will happen. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr, unsigned long flags)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an object that takes extra flags to specify special operations If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr, const std::nothrow_t &e, unsigned long flags)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an object that takes extra flags to specify special operations If the pointer is invalid, nothing will happen. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete[] (void *ptr)
	Standard delete operator used to deallocate an array of objects If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete[] (void *ptr, const std::nothrow_t &e)
	Standard delete operator used to deallocate an array of objects If the pointer is invalid, nothing will happen. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete[] (void *ptr, const char *filename, int line)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an array of objects that takes the filename and line number where the delete was called If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete[] (void *ptr, int block_type, const char *filename, int line)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an array of objects that takes the type of memory, filename and line number where the delete was called If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete[] (void *ptr, const std::nothrow_t &e, const char *filename, int line)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an array of objects that takes the filename and line number where the delete was called If the pointer is invalid, nothing will happen. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete[] (void *ptr, unsigned long flags)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an array of objects that takes extra flags to specify special operations If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete[] (void *ptr, const std::nothrow_t &e, unsigned long flags)
	Delete operator used to deallocate an array of objects that takes extra flags to specify special operations If the pointer is invalid, an exception will be thrown. More...
static UtilExport void *	operator new (size_t size, void *placement_ptr)
	Placement new operator. More...
static UtilExport void	operator delete (void *ptr, void *placement_ptr)
	Placement delete operator. More...
static UtilExport void *	aligned_malloc (size_t size, size_t alignment)
	Allocates memory on a specified alignment boundary. More...
static UtilExport void *	aligned_realloc (void *ptr, size_t size, size_t alignment)
	Reallocates memory on a specified alignment boundary. More...
static UtilExport void	aligned_free (void *ptr)
	Frees a block of memory that was allocated with aligned_malloc/aligned_realloc. More...

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

CStr

(

)

Remarks

Constructor. The string is set to NULL.

CStr

(

const char *

cs

)

Remarks

Constructor. The string is initialized to the string passed.

CStr

(

const CStr &

ws

)

Remarks

Constructor. The string is initialized to the string passed.

CStr

(

const MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &

ws

)

Remarks

Constructor. The string is initialized to the string passed.

CStr

(

const MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< char > &

ws

)

Remarks

Constructor. The string is initialized to the string passed.

CStr

(

const QString &

qstring

)

Conversion constructor, from QString.

~CStr

(

)

Remarks

Destructor. The string is deleted.

Member Function Documentation

char* dataForWrite

(

size_t

nchars = (size_t)-1

)

Returns a pointer to this string which can be written to with up to 'nchars' characters.

Remarks

The terminating null character is not included in nchars, so technically up to nchars+1 characters may be written.

Parameters

nchars

The minimum number of characters to allocate in the string buffer (excluding the terminating null character). A value of -1 specifies that the existing buffer should be re-used.

const char* data

(

)

const

Remarks

Returns a const pointer to the string. If the string is NULL, a pointer to 0 is returned.

operator const char *

(

)

const

Remarks

Returns a const pointer to the string. If the string is NULL, a pointer to 0 is returned.

operator QString

(

)

const

Conversion operator to QString.

void Resize

(

int

nchars

)

Remarks

Reallocates the string to contain nchars characters. If the string is enlarged it is padded with blanks.

Parameters:

int nchars

Specifies the new number of characters for the string.

int Length ( ) const

inline

Remarks

Returns the number of chars used to store the string in memory, including spaces, but excluding the terminating NULL character.

{ return ByteCount(); }

int length ( ) const

inline

Remarks

Returns the number of chars used to store the string in memory, including spaces, but excluding the terminating NULL character.

{ return Length(); }

int ByteCount

(

)

const

Remarks

Returns the number of bytes used to store the string in memory, including spaces, but excluding the terminating NULL character.

int LanguageCharacterCount

(

)

const

Remarks

Returns the number of natural language characters the string is represented on, including spaces, but excluding the terminal NULL character. For multi-byte languages, this may be equal or less than the amount of bytes used to store the string in memory. For example, a Chinese character might take two bytes. Length() or ByteCount() will count the character as two distinct char. LanguageCharacterCount() will count it as a single char.

size_t AllocatedChars

(

)

const

Remarks

Returns the total number of char allocated to store the string. Including the NULL character and any unused char.

bool isNull ( ) const

inline

Remarks

Returns TRUE if the string length is 0; otherwise FALSE.

{ return data()[0]==0; }

CStr& operator=

(

const CStr &

cs

)

Remarks

Assignment operator.

CStr& operator=

(

const MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &

mstr

)

Remarks

Assignment operator.

CStr& operator=

(

const MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast< char > &

mstr

)

Remarks

Assignment operator.

CStr& operator=

(

const char *

cs

)

Remarks

Assignment operator. In release 3.0 and later this method check for self-assignment.

CStr operator+

(

const CStr &

cs

)

const

Remarks

Concatenation operator. Returns a new string that is this string with string cs appended.

CStr& operator+=

(

const CStr &

cs

)

Remarks

Concatenation. Returns this string with cs appended.

CStr& Append ( const CStr &  cs )

inline

Remarks

Concatenation. Returns this string with cs appended.

{ return ((*this) += cs); }

CStr& append ( const CStr &  cs )

inline

Remarks

Concatenation. Returns this string with cs appended to the end.

{ return ((*this) += cs); }

CStr& remove

(

int

pos

)

Remarks

Returns this string with all characters from pos to the end removed.

Parameters:

int pos

Specifies the last position in the string.

CStr& remove	(	int	pos,
		int	N
	)

Remarks

Returns this string with N characters removed from pos to the end.

Parameters:

int pos

Specifies the position to begin removing characters.

int N

Specifies the number of characters to remove.

CStr Substr	(	int	start,
		int	nchars
	)		const

Remarks

Returns a substring of this string, beginning at position start, of length nchars.

CStr MultiByteCharacterSubString	(	int	firstCharacterIndex,
		int	numberOfMBCharacters
	)		const

Remarks

Returns a substring of this string, beginning at multi-byte character position firstCharacterIndex, of length numberOfMBCharacters.

int FindMultiByteCharacterFirstByteIndex

(

int

characterIndex

)

const

Remarks

Returns the first byte index value of the multi-byte character position characterIndex.

int FindMultiByteCharacterLastByteIndex

(

int

characterIndex

)

const

Remarks

Returns the last byte index value of the multi-byte character position characterIndex.

char operator[]

(

int

i

)

const

Returns the nth character of this string.

Warning: In some environment, this function may return a partial character, especially for asiatic languages. If you intend to do any advance transformation or interpretation of the returned data, you should consider calling CStr::MultiByteCharacterSubString instead.

Parameters

i	Index of that character.

int first

(

char

c

)

const

Remarks

Returns the index of the first occurrence of character c in this string. Returns -1 if not found.

int last

(

char

c

)

const

Remarks

Returns the index of the last occurrence of character c in this string. Returns -1 if not found.

bool operator==

(

const CStr &

cs

)

const

Remarks

Equality operator.

Returns

true if the strings are equal; otherwise false.

bool operator==

(

char

c

)

const

Remarks

Returns true if this string contain only the character c.

bool operator!=

(

const CStr &

cs

)

const

Remarks

Inequality operator.

Returns

false if the strings are equal; otherwise true.

bool operator!=

(

char

c

)

const

Remarks

Returns true if this string does not contain only the character c.

bool operator<

(

const CStr &

cs

)

const

Remarks

Returns true if this string is less than cs; otherwise false.

bool operator<=

(

const CStr &

ws

)

const

Remarks

Returns true if this string is less than or equal to ws; otherwise false.

bool operator>

(

const CStr &

ws

)

const

Remarks

Returns true if this string is greater than ws; otherwise false.

bool operator>=

(

const CStr &

ws

)

const

Remarks

Returns true if this string is greater than or equal to ws; otherwise false.

void toUpper

(

)

Remarks

Converts all character of this string to uppercase.

void toLower

(

)

Remarks

Converts all character of this string to lowercase.

int printf	(	const char *	format,
			...
	)

Write a formatted string into this CStr.

Writes the format string, filled in by the optional arguments into this CStr. See the ISO C++ documentation for more information on printf and format strings.

Parameters

format	Specifies how to format the destination string.
...	optional arguments to format into the destination string.

Precondition

format is not null.

There are the correct number of elliptical arguments to fill the format string.

Postcondition

This string is replaced with the formatted string.

Returns

The number of characters written to this string, not including the null terminating character, or a negative value if an error occurs.

int vprintf	(	const char *	format,
		va_list	args
	)

Write a formatted string into this CStr.

This method is similar to CStr::printf. Instead of taking a variable list of arguments as parameter, it takes a structure representing a variable list of argument. This allows CStr objects to be used to build strings based on a format string and a variable number of arguments:

void LogMessage(const char* format, ...) {
    va_list args;
    va_start(args, format);
    CStr buf;
    buf.vprintf(format, args);
    va_end(args);
    // log the message contained by buf
}

wchar_t* ToBSTR

(

)

const

Remarks

Returns the string in memory allocated by SysAllocString. Caller is responsible for freeing memory using SysFreeString.

static CStr FromBSTR ( const wchar_t *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCastCP ToCP	(	UINT	cp,
		size_t *	length = NULL
	)		const

static CStr FromCP ( UINT  cp, const char *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast<char> ToACP

(

size_t *

length = NULL

)

const

static CStr FromACP ( const char *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCastUTF8 ToUTF8

(

size_t *

length = NULL

)

const

static CStr FromUTF8 ( const char *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast<WCHAR> ToOLESTR

(

size_t *

length = NULL

)

const

static CStr FromOLESTR ( const wchar_t *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast<WCHAR> ToUTF16

(

size_t *

length = NULL

)

const

static CStr FromUTF16 ( const wchar_t *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast<unsigned int> ToUTF32

(

size_t *

length = NULL

)

const

static CStr FromUTF32 ( const unsigned int *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxString ToMaxString

(

)

const

void ToMaxString

(

MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &

)

const

static CStr FromMaxString ( MaxSDK::Util::MaxString &  string )

inlinestatic

{ return CStr(string); }

CStr ToCStr ( ) const

inline

{ return *this; }

static CStr FromCStr ( const CStr &  string )

inlinestatic

{ return CStr(string); }

WStr ToWStr

(

)

const

static CStr FromWStr ( const WStr &  string )

static

MaxSDK::Util::MaxStringCast<wchar_t> ToMCHAR ( size_t *  length = NULL ) const

inline

{ return ToUTF16(length); }

static CStr FromMCHAR ( const wchar_t *  string, size_t  length = (size_t)-1  )

inlinestatic

{ return FromUTF16(string, length); }

WStr ToMSTR

(

)

const

static CStr FromMSTR ( const WStr &  string )

static

bool EndsWith	(	const CStr &	s,
		bool	caseSensitive = true
	)

Returns true if the string ends with s; otherwise returns false.

Parameters

s	The string to be searched.
caseSensitive	If it is true(default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

bool EndsWith	(	char	c,
		bool	caseSensitive = true
	)

Returns true if the string ends with c; otherwise returns false.

This function overloads EndsWith().

Parameters

c	The character to be searched.
caseSensitive	If it is true(default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

bool StartsWith	(	const CStr &	s,
		bool	caseSensitive = true
	)

Returns true if the string starts with s; otherwise returns false.

Parameters

s	The string to be searched.
caseSensitive	If it is true(default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

bool StartsWith	(	char	c,
		bool	caseSensitive = true
	)

Returns true if the string starts with c; otherwise returns false.

Parameters

c	The character to be searched.
caseSensitive	If it is true(default), the search is case sensitive; otherwise the search is case insensitive.

size_t NumberOfLines

(

)

const

Returns the number of line feeds inside a string.

size_t Replace	(	const char *	pFind,
		const char *	pReplaceBy,
		bool	firstOnly = false,
		size_t	startPosition = 0
	)

Replaces one substring with another in this string.

Parameters

pFind	The substring to be replaced.
pReplaceBy	The string the substring is to be replaced with.
firstOnly	If true, only first occurrence of 'from' is replaced, otherwise all occurrences are replaced
startPosition	The character position to start searching from

Returns

Returns the number of replacements made.