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Stress tensors

Stress Tensors are represented pictorially as stress vectors acting on a cube. This cube represents an infinitesimal volume of material at a point on the surface or in the interior of a body:

stress cube diagram

Stress tensors are identified using a two-letter designation (such as XX or YZ). The letters represent the global axis directions. The first letter indicates the direction normal to a stress cube face. The second letter indicates the direction of the stress vector.

There are nine tensor components for 3D stresses:

  • Normal XX
  • Normal YY
  • Normal ZZ
  • Shear XY
  • Shear YZ
  • Shear ZX
  • (Shear YX)
  • (Shear ZY)
  • (Shear XZ)

However, the three additional components (YX, ZY, and XZ) are equivalent to the XY, YZ, and ZX components, respectively, so there are only six unique tensor values.

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