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In Fusion, shared part numbers enable you to manage multiple variations of a model under one, shared part number. This simplifies business processes and data management. Using this single part number, you can keep track of one Bill of Materials (BOM) and all properties associated with the models.
Traditionally, multiple models of the same real-world component lead to multiple BOMs, each associated with different properties and file names. This can cause issues such as:
Consider a component like a pump. Multiple models of this pump might be created for various reasons.

These multiple models result in separate files and BOMs. This can make it difficult to reconcile data later, potentially leading to expensive mistakes, such as the wrong variant of the model being used for procurement or manufacturing, and so on.
Shared part numbers address these issues by associating a single part number with all related models and their properties.

Key points include:
When a version or change is recorded for a model with a shared part number, it is recorded for all models with that shared part number.
To make sure that correct components are displayed in the BOM, shared part numbers include the concept of a primary model. You specify one variant of the model as the primary. The other variants then become secondary models. You can switch which variant is the primary at any time. The primary model determines which set of components is the one that should be shown in the BOM.
The single part number that owns all these properties also owns the BOM. The BOM is associated with the part number, not the model directly. You end up with a single part number, with a single set of properties, and a single BOM. If you’re working in an assembly and you insert this pump, you will always see the same BOM and properties for it, no matter which model variant you are using.
Since the BOM is associated with the part number rather than the individual models, this results in:
Designers and manufacturers can create different models for various purposes while maintaining a single source of truth for the part's information. This ensures that regardless of the model version used within an assembly, the properties and BOM information retrieved are consistent and accurate.