Vector Map - Arnold for Houdini
Traditional displacement maps are not used for any surface change that is not perpendicular to the base mesh's polygons. Vector displacement maps can displace in directions other than the face normal, which is much more flexible. Vector displacement uses the color channels that specify a vector in a certain space to displace the vertices of the geometry in that direction and magnitude.
Example shader network using a vector_map
Sea waves are displaced using a vector_map