The NVIDIA ® iray ® renderer creates physically accurate renderings by tracing light paths. It requires little setup compared to other renderers.
The principal approach of the iray renderer is time-based: You can specify the length of time to render, the number of iterations to compute, or you can simply launch the rendering for an indefinite amount of time, and stop it when you are satisfied with the appearance of the result.
The iray renderer now supports Rendering Elements Separately. See iray Render Elements.
Early iterations of the iray renderer appear more grainy than the results from other renderers. The graininess becomes less apparent, the more passes you render. The iray renderer is especially good at rendering reflections, including glossy reflections; it is also good at rendering self-illuminating objects and shapes that cannot be rendered with as much precision in other renderers.
A scene rendered by the iray renderer, with the default time of 1 minute
The same scene after a longer rendering time
The same scene after an extended rendering time
A graphics card with a CUDA-enabled Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) will improve the performance of the iray renderer (CUDA stand for Compute Unified Device Architecture). However, the result is not the same as hardware viewport shading: The computation carried out by the iray renderer is physically correct, and the result of a hardware-assisted iray rendering is the same as the result when you render using the Central Processing Unit (CPU) only.
A rule of thumb for GPU usage is that one gigabyte (GB) of memory can store 5 to 10 million triangles (5–10M) of geometry. If textures (usually shared among face triangles) can also fit into GPU memory, that improves rendering performance as well.
The performance of a ray-tracing renderer such as the iray renderer is relatively independent of how complex the scene geometry is. The complexity of light paths is more important: A candle in a labyrinth, or light rays diverging from a narrow window, will take longer to yield a good-quality rendering than light shining through a broad skylight or picture windows. As with other renderers, performance is also proportional to the resolution of the rendered image. The complexity of materials in the scene also affects performance: The more textures, blending, and noise a material has, the longer it takes to calculate the results.
The version of iray provided with 3ds Max is iray v2.1. This version supports the Do Not Apply Bumps To The Diffuse Shading toggle, the round corner effect, many procedural maps; sky portals, glossy refractions, translucency, and IOR (index of refraction); and the ability to handle large output resolutions. The iray 2.1 renderer fully supports Sky Portal objects. These can improve rendering quality, but in some cases they can slow down the renderer. These guidelines can help you decide whether to use Sky Portals:
- If sunlight shines directly through a window, don't use Sky Portals, even for windows with no direct sun.
- Small windows benefit more from Sky Portals than large windows.
- Time permitting, run test renderings with and without Sky Portals, to compare the image quality and the render time. Run each test until the image is free of graininess.
Materials and Maps Supported by the iray Renderer
The iray renderer supports only certain material, map, and shader types. In particular, it does not support programmable shaders in the way the mental ray renderer does. If your scene contains an unsupported material or map, the iray renderer renders it as gray, and reports an error in the Render Message Window.
In general, the iray renderer supports only material and map or shader features that relate to physically based light-ray tracing. For example, the Arch & Design material settings that concern Ambient Occlusion, Round Corners, or Final Gather are simply ignored by this renderer.
Supported Materials
The iray renderer supports mainly the general-purpose mental ray materials:
| Material Type | Restrictions |
|---|---|
| Arch & Design material |
The iray renderer ignores the Main Material Parameters It ignores settings on the Fast Glossy Interpolation rollout. It ignores most of the settings on the Advanced Rendering Options rollout. The exceptions are Refraction It ignores shaders specified on the "mental ray Connection" rollout. |
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Autodesk Materials
Exception: Autodesk Metallic Paint is not supported. Note: Reflections on Autodesk Materials, particularly materials with a matte finish, can appear differently than they appear when rendered with renderers other than the iray renderer.
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The following Autodesk Materials have Finish Bumps settings. The iray renderer treats Finish Bumps the same as Relief (bump) maps: It applies the bumps to the Diffuse component as well as to other components. |
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Blend material
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| Double Sided material | |
| Multi Sub-Object material |
Supported Maps and Shaders
The iray renderer supports these maps and shaders:
| Map or Shader type | Restrictions |
|---|---|
| Bitmap |
On the Coordinates rollout for a Bitmap, the coordinate type must be set to Texture. The iray renderer supports the Explicit Map Channel, Planar From Object XYZ, and Planar From World XYZ mappings. The Map Channel value must be in the range 1 to 4. The iray renderer ignores the Blur / Blur Offset settings. On the Bitmap Parameters rollout, the iray renderer ignores the Filtering, Mono Channel Output, RGB Channel Output, and Alpha Source settings. |
| Checker map | |
| Color Correction map | |
| Dent map |
Renders a bit differently than with the Scanline or mental ray renderers. |
| Gradient map | |
| Gradient Ramp map | |
| Marble map |
Renders a bit differently than with the Scanline or mental ray renderers. |
| Mix map | |
| Noise map |
The iray renderer ignores settings on the Noise rollout for any other map type. |
| Normal Bump map | |
| Output map |
The iray renderer does not support the Output map itself. For the Output rollout of various map types, the iray renderer supports only these settings: Output Amount, RGB Offset, RGB Level, and Bump Amount. |
| Perlin Marble map |
Saturation values are not supported, and color gradients are not rendered. |
| RGB Multiply map | |
| Speckle map | |
| Substance map | |
| Tiles map | |
| Wood map |
Renders a bit differently than with the Scanline or mental ray renderers. |
| Environment Background Switcher | |
| Kelvin Temperature Color shader | |
| mr Physical Sky | |
| Ocean shader |
Does not recognize all parameter settings. |
As of 3ds Max 2015, the iray renderer does not support the Waves map. Additional Capabilities and Restrictions
The iray renderer has some additional capabilities and restrictions:
| Feature | Capabilities and Restrictions |
|---|---|
| Geometry |
The iray renderer can render all renderable geometry, including mr Proxy objects. It supports Displacement mapping. It also supports camera-based (Multi-Pass) depth of field; in fact, the depth-of-field effect does not increase render time. Geometry is always shadow-casting. |
| Lights | Lights must be photometric. This includes mr Sky Portal, mr Sun, and mr Sky. The iray renderer ignores all shadow settings for lights. Shadows generated by the iray renderer are always physically based: Lights always cast shadows, and those shadows are raytraced. For the mr lights, the iray renderer also ignores the Indirect Illumination settings. For mr Sun, it ignores the Sun Photon settings and Aerial Perspective; the Sky Model must be Haze-Driven. |
| Exposure Control | Must be mr Photographic Exposure Control. |
| Rendering Effects | The iray renderer does not generate G-buffer data, so it can not use render effects, including atmospheric effects. |
| Render To Texture | Not supported. 3ds Max displays a warning to this effect. |
| Material Editor | If you choose the iray renderer to render sample slots, it will not render a sample slot background. Tip: Using the iray renderer for sample slots can slow performance. Usually the mental ray renderer is a better choice for sample slots.
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| Panorama Exporter | Not supported |
| Video Post | Not supported |
| Lighting Analysis (3ds Max Design) | Not supported |
| Object Properties settings | The iray renderer ignores these, but the Renderable and Visibility properties are passed to the renderer by 3ds Max, so these settings work as expected. |
| Batch Rendering | Supported |
| Command-Line Rendering | Supported |
| Backburner | Supported |
The iray Renderer and Self Illumination
The iray renderer is good at handling self-illuminating materials. In fact, you can render a scene with self-illuminating materials only, and no lights.
In an iray rendering, self-illuminating materials can cast shadows, hotspots, and ambient light.
Luminaire Objects, Self-Illumination, and the iray Renderer
In an interior scene (and many architectural exteriors), often you combine a 3ds Max light object with light-fixture geometry that models the lighting instrument itself. The Luminaire Helper Object is a good example of this. You assign a self-illuminating material to the bulb or lamp of the lighting instrument, or to the light-transmitting surface that covers the bulb.
With other renderers, the self-illuminating surface simply appears to glow, while the light object does the actual light casting. But because the iray renderer uses self-illumination as real illumination, a self-illuminating material generates lighting along with the light object: The effect is "double illumination"; the larger the self-illuminating area, the more noticeable the effect.
The reason for this effect is that light-tracing renderers such as the iray renderer don't distinguish between types of rays: Light rays, reflection rays, and shadow rays are all treated in the same way.